Detection of Formaldehyde Released from Commercially Available Medical Cyanoacrylates: 3-month in Vitro Study Utilizing Headspace Gas-chromatography Mass Spectrometry

Introduction, Objectives, and/or Purpose:

Background: Medical cyanoacrylates are commonly used in a variety of surgical and medical procedures, including phlebology, due to their fast-drying and strong adhesive properties. However, the degradation of cyanoacrylates can result in the release of Formaldehyde, a chemical irritant that can harm human health. There is a need for further research to evaluate the Formaldehyde release from commercially available medical cyanoacrylates.

Objectives: The objective of this study is to detect and quantify the Formaldehyde release using headspace gas-chromatography mass spectrometry from incubated samples of commercially available medical cyanoacrylates over a 3-month period.

Methods:

Methods: Four commercially available medical cyanoacrylates were selected for this study including Glubran, Venoseal, Histoacryl, and Venablock. The cyanoacrylates were placed inside glass vials; PBS was added and then incubated at 37°C for up to 3 months. The PBS supernatant above the cyanoacrylate was sampled and analysed using headspace gas-chromatography mass spectrometry to detect and quantify Formaldehyde released.

Results:

Results: The results showed that all six medical cyanoacrylates released Formaldehyde over the 3-month incubation period. The Formaldehyde release varied between the different cyanoacrylates, with some releasing significantly higher levels than others. The Formaldehyde release increased rapidly in the first 2 to 4 weeks and then gradually over the 12 weeks. The highest levels were detected at the end of the 3-month incubation period.

Conclusion(s):

Conclusion: Formaldehyde is released from commercially available medical cyanoacrylates over a 3-month period. The level of Formaldehyde release varies between different cyanoacrylates, and the release is highest at the end of the incubation period. Healthcare providers should be aware of the risks associated with Formaldehyde exposure from medical cyanoacrylates and take appropriate measures to minimise the risks to patients receiving these treatments. Further research is needed to identify the optimal safety measures and practices for the use of medical cyanoacrylates in clinical practice.